GAS HYDRATE (METHANE HYDRATE) - AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCE

ENERGY CRISIS
We all must be well acquainted with the fact that our present energy resources like coal ,oil and natural gas are slowly and gradually being exhausted. Now all these above resource are non-recyclable i.e. once exhausted there wont be any man-made process to reproduce them.
On the other way round, the distance of the graph between our energy supply and consumption is steadily increasing. It is assumed that by 2020 our supply will be terribly less with respect to our consumption/need. So that signifies our zeal to find an alternative resource and that too soon.
Different kinds of alternative energy project are established by different institution but till now our need is still there.

GAS HYDRATES
Gas hydrate or methane hydrate found at about 1000 m to 2000 m depth in the continental linings and polar arctic region may be the answer to our energy needs.
These are clathrate structure which consists of outer cage being made of water molecules and inner part is filled with methane molecule. Now strikingly methane has a a considerable amount in gas hydrates. That is in one unit of gas hydrate there is 0.2 units of water and 164 units of methane. also the amount of methane present in the earth is estimated to be around twice the amount of coal,oil and natural gas combined. This give us an idea about its potential.
But the extraction process is not easy and it being a greenhouse gas has an environmental hazard as well during extraction. Also if hydrate layer gets damaged during extraction process may give rise to continental plate slipping and landslide problems.
But if we could somehow get over those problems then we can solve our energy crisis for a century if not then centuries.

A WORD DOCUMENT IS ATTACHED TO THIS,
CLICK AND HAVE A LOOK

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IXTm_v8W8zSbmRDTJffOyfjDwwHJ0q8MgTjCchcUKCI/edit?usp=sharing

ROCKS and its classifications,properties,examples etc

CLICK- ROCKS AND ITS CLASSIFICATIONS

click on the above link. :)

SHAFT WORKING

BOILER SYSTEM USED IN SHAFTS - (BANSJORA underground mine)

Here is a video from BANSJORA UNDERGROUND MINE in Jharkhand,India. The lowest underground level of the mine was at a depth of 140 meters. There were two shaft for entrance and exit from the mine and also for the extraction of ores. The shaft was operated via a steam engine (refer to the video link in the beginning) and it was operated manually. The ventilation system was fairly good.
Click on the link and watch the video, its worth watching :)

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B727YT7LzskWQ3VUZlZqamI0VzQ/edit?usp=sharing

ALL ABOUT EXPLOSIVES-1

EXPLOSIVES:-

1. What is an explosive??

An explosive is a reactive substance which contains high amount of potential energy and can create an explosion if subjected to certain conditions(detonation depends on the sensitivity of the explosive). It usually detonates/explodes releasing high amount of light,heat,pressure and shock wave which could cause severe damage to surrounding.
   
     2. History of explosive:-

explosive history is a bit uncertain as their is no written statement regarding its discovery but it is assumed that its discovery happened in China (used in firecrackers etc.).
In the 1800s, BLACK POWDER (gun powder) came into existence and from then onwards it only improved.
industrial revolution gave more improved explosive. Soon, TNT (tri nitro touluene) and Dynamite came into effect but owing to their sensitivity and low water resistance nature more effective and efficient explosive were required.
soon the era of nitroglycerene based explosive came into effect, ANFO (ammonium nitrate fuel oil) is a widely popular explosive and is still being used. A more improved formulae of ANFO is HANFO abbreviated as heavy-ANFO. (HANFO has more rate of reaction than ANFO hence more effective and efficient)
But now-a-days SLURRIES and EMULSION based explosives have taken their(anfo's) place. These explosives are more water resilient, better storage, better sensitivity etc.

rest part of the explosive will be uploaded soon.
stay tuned for that and please click on the follow button :) 

JIMENO & JIMENO - book for drilling and blasting

Hola guys, you can download the 'Jimeno & Jimeno' authored book for the subject DRILLING and BLASTING from the link given below... Hope it would help :)
Jimeno & Jimeno ~ drilling and blasting

SUSHIL BHANDARI - drilling and blasting (book)

book for drilling and blasting consisting of

1. introduction to blasting
2. explosives
3. properties of explosives
4. explosive system and priming system
5. selection of suitable explosive
6. initiating devices
7. initiation system and delay timings
8. designing surface blasting
9. drift and channel blasting
10. fly-rock during blasting operation
11. controllable blasting

All the above topics are discussed in details in the link given in the beginning of this post.
check it out and don't forget to follow my blog.
Thank you!! :)
https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B727YT7LzskWRFRNV3p6bUFxWTQ&usp=sharing

MINING- an introduction

Mining & Minerals- introduction from the book 'HARTMAN N MUTMANSKY'

Check out the above link guys to have a good perspective of what mining is and its cycle and about minerals, mineral economics etc
HOPE IT WILL HELP!! :)